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. 2026 Feb 3;17:1739720. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2026.1739720

TABLE 3.

Feature coding methods based on 5-fold cross-validation of the training dataset (benchmark dataset 1).

Encoding Sn SP Acc MCC AUC
One-hot 0.6632 ± 0.0032 0.9591 ± 0.0026 0.9358 ± 0.0042 0.5715 ± 0.0015 0.9644 ± 0.0011
NCP 0.6904 ± 0.0035 0.9568 ± 0.0064 0.9360 ± 0.0028 0.5959 ± 0.0030 0.9645 ± 0.0014
One-hot + NCP 0.7510 ± 0.0016 0.9512 ± 0.0045 0.9356 ± 0.0032 0.6584 ± 0.0021 0.9666 ± 0.0009

The highest value for each evaluation metric is highlighted in bold.