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. 2026 Jan 21;17:309. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-04336-8

Table 2.

The results of Luteolin on different HCC cell lines via different pathways

Type of cancer In Vitro/In Vivo Sex Module Sample Cell line Luteolin in vitro and in vivo doses Route of administration Result References
HCC In Vitro SK-Hep-1 0, 20, 40, 80 µM

p-AKT↓, OPN↓, XIAP↓,

Mcl-1↓, Bid↓,

cleaved Caspase-3↑,

cleaved Caspase-8↑,

cleaved Caspase-9↑,

cleaved PARP↑,

[27]
HCC In Vitro Huh-7 0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, , 25, 50, 100 µM

AKT1↓, SRC↓, p21↑, GADD45↑,

DR5 ↑, TRAIL↑, p15↑, HGF↓,

FGF↓, VEGF↓, HIFa↓,

AKT1↓,

CXCL10↓, IFNγ↓, SOCS↓,

Bcl-xL↓, MCL1↓, c-MYC↓,

CycD↓, p21↑, GFAP↑, BIRC5↑,

CDK1↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓,

CDK6↓, CycE↓, CycA↓

[28]
HCC In Vivo BALB/c nude 22 Huh-7 50 mg/kg Not specified

miR-6809-5p↑,

Ki-67↓, p-Erk1/2↓,

p-p38↓, p-JNK↓,

p-NF-κB/p65↓,

[29]
HCC In Vitro

Huh7

Hep3B

0, 5, 10, 20 µM

p-JNK↑, DR5↑,

LC3-II↑, p62↓,

cleaved Caspase-3↑,

cleaved caspase-8↑

[30]
HCC In Vitro

Hep3B

HepG2

0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 µM

p21↑, cleaved PARP↑,

TAP63↓, PCNA↓,

LC3-II↑, P62↓

[31]
HCC In Vitro

Huh-7

HepG2

PLC/PRF/5

293T

0, 20, 40, 60,

80 µM

p-Yap/Yap↑ [32]
HCC In Vivo BALB/c 16 H22 50, 100, 200 mg/kg Gavage

CD8T(CD3e, CD8a,

CCL5, CCL21)↑,

Granzyme B↑,

INF-γ↑, TNF-a↑,

cleaved Caspase-3↑, Caspase-3↑, Bax↑, caspase-8↑,

Bcl-2↑,

Caspase-9↑

[33]
HCC In Vitro HepG2

0, 0.78, 1.56,

3.125, 6.25, 12.5,

25, 50, 100 µg

Induce apoptosis [34]
HCC In Vitro

MHCC97-H

Hep3B

0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5,

5 µg/ml

cleaved PARP↑,

cleaved Caspase-3↑,

cleaved caspase-8↑,

proCaspase-3↓,

procaspase-8↓, XIAP↓

[35]
HCC In Vivo BALB/c nude 32 MHCC97-H 50 mg/kg Intraperitoneal injection

IL-24↑, CD31↓, Ki67↓,

Caspase-3↑

[35]
HCC In Vitro HepG2 0, 10, 20, 100 µg/ml Bcl-2↓, LDH↑ [36]
HCC In Vitro HepG2 24 µg/ml Induce apoptosis and autophagy [37]
HCC In Vivo CD-1 80 EAC 10 mg/kg Intraperitoneal injection Inhibit tµMor growth [37]
HCC In Vivo Wistar 90 10 mg/kg Gavage

GPC3↓, NO↓, MDA↓,

GSH↑, SOD↑

[38]

“↑”indicates up-regulation, “↓”indicates down-regulation, and - indicates cell administration or an unknown route of administration or gender