. 2026 Jan 16;10:65. doi: 10.1038/s41538-026-00715-9

Table 2.

Volatiles with VIPs ≥ 1.0 and ROAV ≥ 0.1in whiskeys identified by HS-SPME-GC-MS

No.	Compounds	Odor threshold (μg/L)	Aroma description	Aroma type	VIP	ROAV
No.	Compounds	Odor threshold (μg/L)	Aroma description	Aroma type	VIP	Control	LS	MS	HS	LO	MO	HO
EE2	Ethyl butyrate	81.5⁶⁶	Pineapple⁶⁷	Fruity	1.24	1.15	1.37	1.13	1.24	1.09	1.07	1.10
EE5	Ethyl hexanoate	55.3⁶⁶	Fruity⁶⁷	Fruity	1.24	16.30	17.38	16.33	15.73	17.70	17.36	17.52
EE8	Ethyl octanoate	12.9⁶⁶	Fruity⁶⁷	Fruity	1.32	34.45	31.78	29.75	23.82	41.27	45.13	40.44
EE11	Ethyl benzoate	1430⁶⁶	Floral⁶⁷	Floral	1.15	0.10	0.24	0.22	0.22	0.13	0.18	0.17
ALD2	2-Methyl butanal	16⁶⁸	Cocoa, almond⁶⁸	Roasted/Smoky	1.13	0.91	1.38	1.16	1.18	0.95	0.86	0.86
ALD4	Hexanal	25.5⁶⁷	Grassy⁶⁷	Herbaceous	1.26	0.64	1.34	1.00	1.16	0.89	0.89	0.76
ALD5	Octanal	39.6⁶⁷	Fatty⁶⁷	Fatty	1.57	Nd	1.40	1.15	3.64	Nd	Nd	Nd
ALD6	Nonanal	122⁶⁶	Soapy⁶⁷	Fatty	1.50	0.79	1.74	1.55	3.18	0.81	0.82	0.77
ACE1	1,1-Diethoxy ethane	2090⁶⁶	Fruity⁶⁶	Fruity	1.51	0.11	0.24	0.22	0.21	0.11	0.13	0.11
AC3	Benzene acetaldehyde	262⁶⁹	Floral⁶⁷	Floral	1.04	0.13	0.20	0.21	0.22	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
AC5	Naphthalene	159⁶⁷	Mothball⁶⁷	Fusel/Solvent	1.37	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.10	0.11	<0.1
PHE1	Guaiacol	13.4⁶⁸	Smoky⁶⁸	Roasted/Smoky	1.10	Nd	Nd	Nd	1.67	Nd	Nd	Nd
TP1	Linalool	23⁷⁰	Rose, flora²¹	Floral	1.14	7.37	6.07	4.07	7.40	7.76	7.36	7.05
TP5	β-Damascenone	0.14⁷¹	Floral, honey⁶⁶	Floral	1.14	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00