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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Feb 18.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2026 Mar;45(3):1115–1126. doi: 10.1109/TMI.2025.3618247

TABLE V.

Adaptability of the LeqMod to different denoising baselines.

GAN SwinUNETR
NRMSE (↓) TLG bias (%) (o) NRMSE (↓) TLG bias (%) (o)
w/o w w/o w w/o w w/o w
Quadra 1% 0.273 0.266 † −5.115 −4.444 † 0.294 0.284 † −7.395 −5.304 †
2% 0.252 0.234 † −4.092 −3.376 † 0.240 0.231 † −5.617 −3.889 †
5% 0.196 0.194 −2.592 −2.328 † 0.207 0.216 −4.244 −2.980 †
10% 0.178 0.169 † −1.787 −1.583 † 0.184 0.180 −3.312 −2.133 †
25% 0.146 0.131 † −1.035 −0.879 † 0.173 0.137 † −2.193 −1.163 †
50% 0.100 0.094 −0.699 −0.610 0.140 0.114 † −2.095 −0.964 †
uExplorer 1% 0.551 0.536 † −13.231 −9.671 † 0.574 0.555 † −15.354 −13.586 †
2% 0.439 0.432 † −8.601 −6.696 † 0.453 0.440 † −11.286 −8.921 †
5% 0.354 0.353 † −4.869 −4.163 † 0.371 0.349 † −7.069 −5.080 †
10% 0.284 0.274 † −3.285 −3.092 † 0.303 0.294 † −5.371 −3.672 †
25% 0.213 0.224 −1.800 −1.679 † 0.231 0.226 † −3.721 −2.249 †
50% 0.153 0.142 † −1.016 −1.028 0.182 0.165 † −2.805 −1.351 †
mCT 5% 0.538 0.527 † −8.466 −7.428 † 0.531 0.524 † −8.485 −7.507 †
10% 0.523 0.449 † −5.828 −5.056 † 0.459 0.430 † −6.070 −4.990 †
20% 0.344 0.339 † −3.604 −3.037 0.361 0.348 † −4.187 −3.712
†

P<0.05 based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test between the w/o and w LeqMod groups.

(↓) and (o) represent expecting lower and zero-approaching values, respectively.