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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Feb 18.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Med. 2025 Jun 5;51(4):347–357. doi: 10.1080/08964289.2025.2508971

Table 3.

Multilevel regression models for outcome variables.

Outcome Variable
Walk 50 FT2
PAR-Strength1 PAR-Flexibility2 PAR-Exercise2 CST2 Walk 4M2

Effect: b (SE)
 Intercept 0.45(0.13)*** 0.06(0.10) 0.83(0.09)*** 1.11(0.03)*** 0.90(0.03)*** 1.05(0.02)***
 Linear Time −0.07(0.04) 0.05(0.10) 0.03(0.03) −0.001(0.01) −0.11(0.03)*** −0.01(0.01)
 Quadratic Time −0.01(0.02) 0.02(0.01)***
 Treatment (Tai Chi) −0.09(0.18) −0.35(0.15)* 0.21(0.13) 0.01(0.04) −0.09(0.04)* 0.01(0.03)
 Linear Time × Treatment (Tai Chi) 0.05(0.06) 0.47(0.13)*** −0.06(0.04) 0.01(0.01) 0.09(0.04)* 0.01(0.01)
 Quadratic Time × Treatment (Tai Chi) −0.09(0.03)** −0.02(0.01)*

We only report estimates for Quadratic Time and Quadratic Time x Treatment for outcome variables that were evaluated using a quadratic model.

CST: Chair Stand Test; PAR-Exercise: Physical Activity Recall-Exercise; PAR-Flexibility: Physical Activity Recall-Flexibility; PAR-Strength: Physical Activity Recall-Strength; Walk 4M: 4-Meter Walk Test; Walk 50FT: 50-Foot Walk Test.

1

Cube root transformation.

2

Log10 transformation.

*

p < .05;

**

p < .01;

***

p < .001.