Table 1.1.
Results of the univariate analysis - unadjusted association between individual-level factors and suicide attempts
| Factor | Cases N = 151 (50%) | Controls N = 151 (50%) | OR | 95% CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Employment status last 1 month | 151 (100.0%) | 151 (100.0%) | |||
| Student (ref) | 30 (19.9%) | 62 (41.1%) | <0.001* | ||
| Not employed | 34 (22.5%) | 25 (16.6%) | 3.736 | 1.662–8.401 | 0.001* |
| Employed | 87 (57.6%) | 64 (42.4%) | 3.642 | 1.876–7.068 | <0.001* |
| Religion currently practiced | 151 (100.0%) | 151 (100.0%) | |||
| Hinduism (ref) | 108 (71.5%) | 119 (78.8%) | |||
| Other | 43 (28.5%) | 32 (21.2%) | 1.550 | 0.883–2.719 | 0.127 |
| Marital status | 151 (100.0%) | 151 (100.0%) | |||
| Never married (ref) | 87 (57.6%) | 113 (74.8%) | |||
| Ever married | 64 (42.4%) | 38 (25.2%) | 4.714 | 2.085–10.657 | <0.001* |
| Psychological factors | |||||
| Common Mental Health problems | |||||
| Depressive symptoms last 2 weeks (PHQ-9 mean score)^^^ |
148 (98.0%) Mean=7.80 |
151 (100.0%) Mean=5.12 |
1.068 | 1.027–1.112 | 0.001* |
| Anxiety symptoms last 2 weeks (GAD-7 mean score)^^^ |
148 (98.0%) Mean = 5.23 |
151 (100.0%) Mean = 3.31 |
1.081 | 1.029–1.137 | 0.002* |
| Substance use | |||||
| Tobacco use in the last 12 months | 147 (97.4%) | 151 (100.0%) | |||
| No (ref) | 86 (58.5%) | 130 (86.1%) | |||
| Yes | 61 (41.5%) | 21 (13.9%) | 6.714 | 3.035–14.854 | <0.001* |
| If yes, frequency of use: | |||||
| Monthly or more | 13 (21.3%) | 11 (52.4%) | |||
| Daily or almost daily | 48 (78.7%) | 10 (47.6%) | |||
| Alcohol use over the last 12 months (AUDIT mean score) |
147 (97.4%) Mean=4.93 |
151 (100.0%) Mean=0.86 |
1.375 | 1.173–1.611 | <0.001* |
| Personality | |||||
| Aggression over the last 12 months (Buss-Perry mean score) |
141 (93.4%) Mean=77.54 |
150 (99.3%) Mean=71.79 |
1.016 | 1.003–1.028 | 0.016* |
| Impulsivity over the last 12 months (BIS-8 mean score) |
145 (96.0%) Mean=16.62 |
150 (99.3%) Mean=15.16 |
1.077 | 1.022–1.136 | 0.006* |
| Previous suicide attempt | 151 (100.0%) | 151 (100.0%)) | |||
| No (ref) | 111 (73.5%) | 141 (93.4%) | |||
| Yes | 40 (26.5%) | 10 (06.6%) | 4.750 | 2.216–10.181 | <0.001* |
| Personal resources | |||||
| SES – highest completed mother’s education | 141 (93.4%) | 151 (100.0%) | |||
| Primary or below (ref) | 118 (83.7%) | 93 (61.6%) | <0.001* | ||
| Middle school | 18 (12.8%) | 44 (29.1%) | 0.318 | 0.166–0.608 | <0.001* |
| High school and above | 05 (03.5%) | 14 (09.3%) | 0.257 | 0.080–0.830 | 0.023* |
| Maladaptive coping style last 12 months | 147 (97.4%) | 150 (99.3%) | |||
| Mean score on maladaptive coping subscales of COPE | Mean=26.67 | Mean=23.99 | 1.106 | 1.051–1.163 | <0.001* |
| Adaptive coping style last 12 months | 147 (97.4%) | 150 (99.3%) | |||
| Mean score on adaptive coping subscales of COPE | Mean=42.69 | Mean=43.87 | 0.978 | 0.946–1.010 | 0.179 |
| Religiousity last 12 months | 149 (98.7%) | 151 (100.0%) | |||
| Mean score on religious coping subscales of COPE | Mean=4.40 | Mean=4.80 | 0.913 | 0.822–1.014 | 0.090 |
| Digital behaviours | |||||
| Gaming on a typical day | 146 (96.7%) | 151 (100.0%) | |||
| No gaming (ref) | 55 (37.7%) | 66 (43.7%) | 0.258 | ||
| <=1 hour | 56 (38.4%) | 61 (40.4%) | 1.083 | 0.613–1.914 | 0.784 |
| >1 hour | 35 (24.0%) | 24 (15.9%) | 1.707 | 0.887–3.285 | 0.110 |
| Social media use on a typical day^^ | 146 (96.7%) | 151 (100.0%) | |||
| <-1 hr (ref) | 40 (27.4%) | 25 (16.6%) | 0.083 | ||
| 1-3 hours | 55 (37.7%) | 67 (44.4%) | 0.504 | 0.267–0.949 | 0.034* |
| >3 hours | 51 (34.9%) | 59 (39.1%) | 0.529 | 0.276–1.012 | 0.054 |
| Internet use on a typical day^^ | 146 (96.7%) | 151 (100.0%) | |||
| <-1 hr (ref) | 31 (21.2%) | 12 (07.9%) | 0.005* | ||
| 1-3 hours | 48 (32.9%) | 51 (33.8%) | 0.253 | 0.098–0.654 | 0.005* |
| >3 hours | 67 (45.9%) | 88 (58.3%) | 0.219 | 0.088–0.544 | 0.001* |
KEY
*p value < 0.05
(ref) – reference category
^^Merged for multivariate analysis based on use of > 1 hour on either scale
^^^Merged for multivariate analysis based on cut off score of 10 on either scale
Information presented in italics are additional data and were not used in the multivariate analysis