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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Feb 18.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Sci. 2025 May 1;26(5):760–772. doi: 10.1007/s11121-025-01811-0

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for all time-varying covariates and primary study variables by wave; fall 2015-spring 2019 (N = 1277)

Fall 2015 Spring 2016 Fall 2016 Spring 2017 Spring 2018 Spring 2019
Age (mean [SD]) 21.33 (1.60) 21.79 (1.61) 22.31 (1.60) 22.79 (1.60) 23.82 (1.61) 24.84 (1.58)
Past 30-day cannabis (%) 38.06 39.93 38.45 39.78 35.87 34.61
Past 14-day binge drinking (%) 42.29 44.71 43.77 43.07 41.50 36.26
Past 30-day # of other tobacco (mean [SD]) 0.76 (0.90) 0.74 (0.92) 0.66 (0.88) 0.67 (0.88) 0.58 (0.83) 0.46 (0.78)
Impulsivity (mean [SD]) 2.50 (0.97) 2.49 (0.98) 2.47 (0.96) 2.47 (0.98) 2.49 (0.94) 2.42 (0.97)
Sensation-seeking (mean [SD]) 3.48 (0.93) 3.47 (0.92) 3.46 (0.91) 3.40 (0.90) 3.46 (0.90) 3.42 (0.92)
Peer ENDS use (mean [SD]) 2.16 (0.90) 2.09 (0.87) 1.99 (0.86) 1.95 (0.82) 2.17 (0.87) 2.35 (0.86)
ENDS use frequency (mean [SD]) 3.29 (7.34) 3.35 (7.67) 2.88 (7.26) 2.85 (7.29) 4.21 (8.72) 5.44 (9.98)