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. 2005 Dec;25(23):10407–10418. doi: 10.1128/MCB.25.23.10407-10418.2005

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Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology

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FIG.4. — Histology of Akt1⁻^/⁻ Akt3⁺^/⁻ skin. (A and B) Immunohistochemical staining of Akt1/Akt3 and phospho-Akt (Ser473) in control skin. (A) Akt1/Akt3 localization. The two proteins are mainly localized in the keratinocytes of the epidermis (Ep) and hair follicles (arrowheads). (B) Phospho-Akt (Ser473) in control skin. Localization of phospho-Akt is similar to that of Akt1/Akt3. (C and D) HE staining. Skin of Akt1⁻^/⁻ Akt3⁺^/⁻ mice is much thinner than that of control littermates and has fewer hair follicles (arrowheads). (E and F) PECAM (CD31) staining to display the vasculature. Akt1⁻^/⁻ Akt3⁺^/⁻ skin has fewer vessels than the control. Insets in all panels are lower magnification images showing a larger part of the skin. (G) Quantification of skin thickness and hair follicles. HE staining sections from three Akt1⁻^/⁻ Akt3⁺^/⁻ mice and three Akt1^+/⁻ Akt3⁺^/⁻ littermates (P3) were measured for thickness and hair follicle density. Error bars are standard deviation, and two asterisks indicate a significant difference between the two genotypes (P < 0.05). Magnification, ×200.