Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population stratified by sex and childhood maltreatment (CM).
| Males | Females | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CM− | CM+ | CM− | CM+ | |
| N | 58,694 (38.8%) | 17,900 (11.8%) | 53,210 (35.2%) | 21,339 (14.1%) |
| Age in years | 48.5 (12.5) | 52.5 (11.4) | 48.0 (12.5) | 51.2 (11.4) |
| Years of formal education | ||||
| Less than 10 years | 542 (0.9%) | 471 (2.6%) | 802 (1.5%) | 781 (3.7%) |
| 10 years | 19,680 (33.5%) | 7463 (41.7%) | 22,793 (42.8%) | 10,651 (49.9%) |
| More than 10 years | 38,472 (65.5%) | 9966 (55.7%) | 29,615 (55.7%) | 9907 (46.4%) |
| Migration background (yes) | 7532 (12.8%) | 3126 (17.5%) | 6991 (13.1%) | 3478 (16.3%) |
| CTS sum score | 6.17 (1.23) | 10.47 (2.49) | 5.97 (1.18) | 10.67 (3.11) |
| Number of CM subtypes | – | 1.43 (0.76) | – | 1.59 (0.94) |
| 1 | – | 12,565 (70.2%) | – | 13,655 (64.0%) |
| 2 | – | 3500 (19.6%) | – | 4353 (20.4%) |
| 3 or more | – | 1835 (10.3%) | – | 3331 (15.6%) |
| Emotional neglect | – | 5005 (28.0%) | – | 6269 (29.4%) |
| Physical neglect | – | 7563 (42.3%) | – | 7411 (34.7%) |
| Emotional abuse | – | 4730 (26.4%) | – | 7372 (34.5%) |
| Physical abuse | – | 6382 (35.7%) | – | 5772 (27.0%) |
| Sexual abuse | – | 1941 (10.8%) | – | 7164 (33.6%) |
| Body height in cm | 179 (7) | 178 (7) | 166 (6) | 165 (7) |
| Body weight in kg | 87 (15) | 88 (16) | 71 (15) | 72 (16) |
| BMI in kg/m2 | 27.0 (4.4) | 27.7 (4.6) | 25.7 (5.3) | 26.5 (5.7) |
| Waist circumference in cm | 96 (13) | 98 (13) | 85 (13) | 87 (14) |
| Increased waist circumference | 16,294 (27.8%) | 6135 (34.3%) | 18,272 (34.3%) | 8768 (41.1%) |
| Waist to height ratio in % | 53.5 (7.3) | 55.2 (7.5) | 51.1 (8.2) | 52.7 (8.7) |
| Fat mass in % | 25.2 (7.0) | 26.5 (7.0) | 35.6 (7.8) | 37.0 (7.7) |
| Subcutaneous adipose tissue in mm | 20.2 (8.2) | 20.2 (8.1) | 22.3 (10.4) | 23.1 (10.2) |
| Visceral adipose tissue in mm | 72.7 (23.7) | 76.7 (24.6) | 53.1 (20.3) | 56.4 (21.5) |
Data are expressed as mean and standard deviation for continuous data or as absolute numbers and percentages for categorical data. Percentages refer to the relative proportion of the total number of participants for each sex.
BMI body mass index, CM childhood maltreatment, CM− no CM subtype with moderate to severe exposure, CM+ ≥1 CM subtype with moderate to severe exposure, CTS Childhood Trauma Screener.