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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Feb 19.
Published in final edited form as: Proceedings (IEEE Int Conf Bioinformatics Biomed). 2026 Jan 19;2025:5454–5462. doi: 10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356407

TABLE I.

Possible sampling strategy by cognitive status

Participant group Time period
T1 T2 T3
Cognitively unimpaired Normal cognition Normal cognition Normal cognition
Cognitively impaired, at least at 1 time point Normal cognition Normal cognition Cognitive impairment
Normal cognition Cognitive impairment Cognitive impairment
Cognitive impairment Cognitive impairment Cognitive impairment