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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Feb 19.
Published in final edited form as: Proceedings (IEEE Int Conf Bioinformatics Biomed). 2026 Jan 19;2025:5454–5462. doi: 10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356407

TABLE II.

Summary description of participants

Variables Cognitively normal Cognitively impaired
Number of participants 4978 981
Average number of visits 4.43 6.49
Sex, n (%)
Female 2536 (50.94%) 486 (49.54%)
Male 2442 (49.06%) 495 (50.46%)
Age, n (%)
< 70 years old 1637 (32.88%) 29 (2.96%)
70–80 years old 1540 (30.94%) 150 (15.29%)
>= 80 years old 1796 (36.08%) 802 (81.75%)
Missing 5 (0.1%) 0 (0%)
Education, n (%)
<= 12 years 1253 (25.17%) 431 (43.93%)
> 12 years 3703 (74.39%) 550 (56.07%)
Missing 22 (0.44%) 0 (0%)
Obesity, n (%)
Yes 1665 (33.45%) 187 (19.06%)
No 3000 (60.27%) 538 (54.84%)
Missing 313 (6.29%) 256 (26.1%)
Alcohol use disorder, n (%)
Yes 225 (4.52%) 72 (7.34%)
No 4733 (95.08%) 909 (92.66%)
Missing 20 (0.4%) 0 (0%)
Smoking status, n (%)
Never 2154 (43.27%) 465 (47.4%)
Former or current 2824 (56.73%) 516 (52.6%)
Missing 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Chronic conditions, n (%)
Hypertension 2981 (59.88%) 813 (82.87%)
Dyslipidemia 3515 (70.61%) 839 (85.52%)
Diabetes 832 (16.71%) 264 (26.91%)
Atrial fibrillation 702 (14.1%) 279 (28.44%)
Congestive heart failure 484 (9.72%) 247 (25.18%)
Coronary artery diseasea 1416 (28.45%) 516 (52.6%)
a

Coronary artery disease includes angina, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery bypass graft.