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. 2026 Jan 22;16:1701694. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1701694

FIGURE 6.

Panel A and B display 3D PCA plots for metabolic profiling across three groups: SD (green), PCOS (blue), and PCOS+SZ-A (pink). Panel C shows a heatmap highlighting differential metabolite expression among the groups with a red-blue color gradient. Panel D presents a bar graph comparing the relative abundance of metabolites, labeled at the bottom, across the same groups, showing varying expression levels.

SZ-A affects serum metabolomic profiles. 3D PCoA analysis based on unweighted (A) and weighted (B) UniFrac distance shows separation of three groups. The color and shape of scatter points represent the experimental grouping of samples. (C) An average heat map of the hierarchical clustering analysis for the three groups is presented. Abscissas represent different experimental groups, ordinates represent different metabolites, and different colors represent the relative expression of metabolites at the corresponding position. (D) Relative abundance of metabolites between three groups. Values are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 rats in SD group, n = 6 rats in other groups).*represents significance compared to the SD group (*p < 0.05), # represents significance compared to the PCOS group (#p < 0.05). Two-way ANOVA followed by Turkey’s test was used for (D).