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. 2026 Feb 5;17:1720242. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1720242

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Copyright © 2026 Li, Chen, Li, Wang, Wu, Liu and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flowchart depicting the experimental design using female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=25). After administering dehydroepiandrosterone for 20 days, all rats form the PCOS model. Five rats verify PCOS by autopsy, and twenty proceed to BPD/DS or S-BPD groups. Both groups undergo monitoring of estrous cyclicity, insulin sensitivity, and biochemical tests. The S-BPD group undergoes additional pair-feeding and bile acid sequestrant administration before further tests. — The study workflow. BPD/DS, the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch group; S-BPD, the sham procedure of BPD/DS; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome.