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. 2026 Feb 5;17:1749728. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1749728

FIGURE 3.

Figure with three panels showing behavioral experiment data for six groups: Sham, Model, KT, SPHL, SPHM, and SPHH. Panel A depicts two rows of top-down maze diagrams for each group, with the first row showing individual movement traces in green, and the second row displaying corresponding heat maps where red indicates high occupancy. Panels B, C, and D present bar graphs with scatter points comparing average velocity, total distance, and ambulatory time, respectively, across groups; statistical significance is indicated by asterisks above brackets.

Open field locomotor trajectories. (A) Representative locomotor trajectories of rats from Sham, Model, KT, and SPH groups. The upper panel illustrates complete 5-min paths; the lower panel shows corresponding heatmaps of movement trajectories. (B) Average velocity (cm/s) (C) Total distance traveled (cm). (D) Ambulatory time (s). Compared to Sham: ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001; compared to Model, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.