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. 2026 Feb 5;13:1730036. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1730036

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Copyright © 2026 Ramadan, Bagatadah, Marwah, Bahawi, Mriani, Alshamrani, Alzaid, Aboulola and Aboalola.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Two horizontal bar charts display data for patients with sickle cell disease out of 691 participants. The left chart shows comorbidities: asthma (9.3%), kidney disease (6.1%), hypertension (4.5%), diabetes (2.5%), stroke (2.3%), dyslipidemia (1.6%), coronary disease (0.1%). The right chart reveals medication prescribing patterns: opioids (99%), NSAIDs (98%), antiemetics (97%), antihistamines (95%), neuropathic agents (42%), benzodiazepines (40%), naloxone (3%). — Comorbidity profile and medication prescribing patterns among patients with sickle cell disease across five tertiary centers in Saudi Arabia, 2016–2021. Bars indicate proportions with 95% confidence intervals.