Table 2.
Comparisons of lung function from young to mid-adulthood between BPD-VLBW and control participants and between non-BPD-VLBW and control participants.
| 1. BPD-VLBW | 2. non-BPD-VLBW | 3. Term (reference) | BPD-VLBW vs. term | non-BPD-VLBW vs. term | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young adulthood study (n) | 32 | 166 | 225 | ||||
| Age (years) | 21.4 (2.5) | 21.6 (2.5) | 21.4 (2.6) | ||||
| Mid-adulthood study (n) | 20 | 95 | 142 | ||||
| Age (years) | 36.3 (3.2) | 36.1 (3.4) | 35.8 (3.3) | ||||
| Absolute values | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean difference (95% CI)a | p-value for age interactionb | Mean difference (95% CI)a | p-value for age interaction |
| FVC young adulthood (l) | 3.86 (0.88) | 4.34 (1.03) | 4.62 (1.01) | −0.67 (−0.92 to −0.42) | −0.31 (−0.45 to −0.17) | ||
| FVC mid-adulthood (l) | 3.59(1.01) | 4.37 (1.07) | 4.76 (1.04) | −1.01 (−1.30 to −0.73) | 0.005 | −0.34 (−0.50 to −0.18) | 0.63 |
| FEV1 young adulthood (l) | 3.16 (0.86) | 3.72 (0.80) | 4.08 (0.85) | −0.90 (−1.12 to −0.69) | −0.40 (−0.52 to −0.29) | ||
| FEV1 mid-adulthood (l) | 2.58 (0.82) | 3.28 (0.77) | 3.68 (0.76) | −0.99 (−1.22 to −0.75) | 0.11 | −0.36 (−0.49 to −0.22) | 0.97 |
| FEV1/FVC young adulthood (l) | 81.49 (10.76) | 86.64 (8.76) | 88.97 (7.0) | −8.76 (−11.49 to −6.04) | −2.68 (−4.14 to −1.22) | ||
| FEV1/FEVC mid-adulthood (%) | 71.95 (8.70) | 75.89 (7.60) | 77.80 (5.51) | −5.96 (−8.77 to −3.15) | 0.51 | −1.93 (−3.52 to −0.34) | 0.95 |
| FEF25–75% young adulthoodc | 3.40 (1.42) | 4.33 (1.29) | 4.85 (1.26) | −1.49 (−1.96 to −1.01) | −0.52 (−0.79 to −0.25) | ||
| FEF25–75% mid-adulthood | 2.01 (0.88) | 2.82 (0.89) | 3.32 (0.83) | −1.22 (−1.58 to −0.85) | 0.69 | −0.48 (−0.68 to −0.27) | 0.95 |
| FEF75% young adulthoodc | 1.83 (0.90) | 2.49 (0.92) | 2.80 (0.88) | −1.00 (−1.35 to −0.67) | −0.32 (−0.52 to −0.11) | ||
| FEF75% mid-adulthood | 0.76 (0.37) | 1.26 (0.51) | 1.53 (0.50) | −0.70 (−0.91 to −0.48) | 0.17 | −0.25 (−0.37 to −0.13) | 0.60 |
| z-scores | |||||||
| FVC young adulthood | −0.75 (1.07) | −0.31 (1.20) | −0.25 (1.04) | −0.41 (−0.81 to −0.02) | −0.04 (−0.27 to 0.18) | ||
| FVC mid-adulthood | −1.10 (1.14) | −0.08 (1.15) | 0.09 (0.91) | −1.04 (−1.48 to −0.61) | 0.001 | −0.12 (−0.38 to 0.13) | 0.56 |
| FEV1 young adulthood | −1.17 (1.36) | −0.27 (1.32) | 0.04 (1.11) | −1.23 (−1.67 to −0.80) | −0.34 (−0.58 to −0.10) | ||
| FEV1 mid-adulthood | −1.94 (1.26) | −0.70 (1.19) | −0.33 (0.91) | −1.49 (−1.94 to −1.04) | 0.025 | −0.34 −0.60 to −0.08) | 0.64 |
| FEV1/FVC young adulthood | -0.66 (1.48) | 0.13 (1.37) | 0.49 (1.16) | −1.35 (−1.78 to −0.93) | −0.44 (−0.68 to −0.21) | ||
| FEV1/FEVC mid-adulthood | −1.52 (1.03) | −0.99 (1.03) | −0.70 (0.80) | −0.84 (−1.23 to −0.44) | 0.34 | −0.30 (−0.53 to −0.07) | 0.91 |
| FEF25–75% young adulthoodc | −1.02 (1.45) | −0.01 (1.26) | 0.33 (1.10) | −1.32 (−1.79 to −0.86) | −0.33 (−0.60 to −0.06) | ||
| FEF25–75% mid-adulthood | −2.01 (1.28) | −1.05 (0.98) | −0.63 (0.81) | −1.34 (−1.76 to −0.92) | 0.57 | −0.41 (−0.64 to −0.19) | 0.39 |
| FEF75% young adulthoodc | −0.49 (1.20) | 0.47 (1.11) | 0.69 (0.97) | −1.15 (−1.56 to −0.75) | −0.22 (−0.46 to 0.02) | ||
| FEF75% mid-adulthood | −1.64 (1.22) | −0.55 (0.91) | −0.18 (0.76) | −1.41 (−1.81 to −1.01) | 0.45 | −0.36 (−0.57 to −0.15) | 0.22 |
BPD bronchopulmonary dysplasia, CI confidence interval, FVC forced vital capacity, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1s, FEV1/FVC ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first 1s to the forced vital capacity, FEF25–75%, forced expiratory flow at 25–75%, FEF75%, forced expiratory flow when 75% of FVC has been exhaled, VLBW Very low birth weight, SD standard deviation.
aLinear regressions adjusted for cohort, age and sex.
bp-value for age interaction by mixed models.
cData available only for Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight adults (HeSVA) participants.