Table 2.

DTI associations with clinical measures.

DTI measure	Association	Global outcome measures	GCS Higher GCS = Less severe injury	Mood symptoms	Balance	Behavior/Communication	PTA
FA	Positive	Better outcome, Higher FA 2(104, 112)	Less severe injury, Higher FA 5(34, 54, 62, 83, 104)		Better balance, Higher FA	Worse communication, Higher FA	Longer amnesia, Higher FA
	Negative	Better outcome, Lower FA	Less severe injury, Lower FA		Better balance, Lower FA 1(107)	Worse communication, Lower FA 2(23, 54)	Longer amnesia, Lower FA 2(55, 104)
	None	6(11, 26, 63, 65, 130, 133)	2(43, 91)	4(20, 34, 47, 71)		1(130)	1(83)
MD	Positive	Better outcome, Higher MD 1(130)	Less severe injury, Higher MD	More symptoms, Higher MD 1(47)	Better balance, Higher MD 1(107)	Worse communication, Higher MD 1(130)	Longer amnesia, Higher MD 1(104)
	Negative	Better outcome, Lower MD 1(104)	Less severe injury, Lower MD 4(34, 83, 91, 104)	More symptoms, Lower MD 1(20)	Better balance, Lower MD	Worse communication, Lower MD	Longer amnesia, Lower MD
	None	1(26)		2(34, 71)			1(83)

This table reports studies that tested associations between FA or MD and clinical outcome measures. Higher scores on global outcome measures (Glasgow outcome scale extended [GOS-E], command following, coma recovery scale–revised [CRS-R]) denote better outcomes. For the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), higher scores represent better neurologic function. For the single study of balance, higher balance scores signified better balance. For mood (anxiety, depression, PTSD, apathy, resilience), behavior, communication, and post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), higher scores represent worse symptoms.