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. 2026 Feb 6;13:1744904. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2026.1744904

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© 2026 Hatzikostas, Miyashita, de Vries, Sanders, von Basum, van Noort, Dijkstra, Bourantas, Tsai, Onuma, Barlis, Serruys and Poon.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Box-and-whisker plots comparing endothelial shear stress values, measured in pascals, across all animal models and time points. Data are grouped by species, including mini-pigs and rabbits, and stratified by post-implantation, one-month, and three-month follow-up periods. Individual cases are labeled by vessel side, left or right, and by time point. The plots illustrate the distribution, variability, and temporal changes in endothelial shear stress within each animal across the three measured time points. — Temporal changes in endothelial shear stress (ESS) after scaffold implantation. Box-and-whisker plots show ESS at post-implantation (blue), 1-month (yellow), and 3-month (red) for each case and vessel side (L, left; R, right). Boxes indicate median and IQR; whiskers extend to 1.5 × IQR. Complementary plots of multidirectional metrics are shown in Supplementary Figure S5.