| CI | Confidence interval |
| CINAHL | Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature |
| GRADE | Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation |
| HVLA | High-velocity, low-amplitude (thrust) |
| I2 | I-squared (heterogeneity statistic) |
| JPSE | Joint position sense error |
| JPS | Joint position sense |
| MD | Mean difference |
| MEDLINE | Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online |
| MWM | Mobilization with movement |
| PICOS | Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, Study design |
| PRISMA | Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses |
| PROSPERO | International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews |
| RCT | Randomized controlled trial |
| RoB 2 | Risk of Bias 2 (Cochrane tool) |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| SMD | Standardized mean difference |