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. 2026 Jan 29;11(1):59. doi: 10.3390/jfmk11010059
CI Confidence interval
CINAHL Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
GRADE Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation
HVLA High-velocity, low-amplitude (thrust)
I2 I-squared (heterogeneity statistic)
JPSE Joint position sense error
JPS Joint position sense
MD Mean difference
MEDLINE Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online
MWM Mobilization with movement
PICOS Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, Study design
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews
RCT Randomized controlled trial
RoB 2 Risk of Bias 2 (Cochrane tool)
SD Standard deviation
SMD Standardized mean difference