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. 2025 Dec 24;45(3):1835–1844. doi: 10.1007/s10067-025-07891-1

Table 3.

Changes in visual analog scale (VAS) resting pain scores over time for left, right, and all treated knees

Timepoint Knee N VAS
(mean ± SD)
Paired t-test vs. baseline
(p-value)
V1 Left 54 41.41 ± 23.72
V5 50 23.58 ± 19.12  < 0.001
V7 50 14.10 ± 18.11  < 0.001
V1 Right 59 41.64 ± 22.69
V5 55 25.87 ± 20.28  < 0.001
V7 54 18.89 ± 21.78  < 0.001
V1 All knees 113 41.53 ± 23.08
V5 105 24.78 ± 19.68  < 0.001
V7 104 16.59 ± 20.15  < 0.001

VAS scores for resting pain were assessed using a 100-mm visual analog scale at baseline (Visit 1), Week 6 (Visit 5), and Week 28 (Visit 7). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Paired t-tests comparing each follow-up timepoint with baseline showed statistically significant reductions in pain for all groups (p < 0.001)