Table 1.
Conditional performance metrics for different flow thresholds. P90, P95, and P99 represent flows exceeding the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of the observed streamflow distribution. Bold values indicate the best-performing model for each metric under each flow condition.
| LR | GBR | ANN | RF | ETR | XGB | LSTM | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P90 | NSE | 0.82 | 0.73 | 0.84 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.70 | 0.86 |
| KGE | 0.84 | 0.70 | 0.89 | 0.66 | 0.63 | 0.68 | 0.92 | |
| RMSE | 543.2 | 666.8 | 518.1 | 739.1 | 762.6 | 696.2 | 473.9 | |
| MAE | 359.6 | 416.8 | 360.4 | 459.4 | 471.8 | 433.3 | 345.7 | |
| P95 | NSE | 0.71 | 0.54 | 0.75 | 0.43 | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0.80 |
| KGE | 0.80 | 0.61 | 0.84 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.58 | 0.89 | |
| RMSE | 712.3 | 890.5 | 658.1 | 990.3 | 1025.2 | 938.9 | 592.4 | |
| MAE | 511.6 | 606.8 | 485.9 | 681.9 | 704.9 | 649.4 | 442.7 | |
| P99 | NSE | -0.12 | -1.59 | 0.19 | -2.24 | -2.54 | -1.90 | 0.45 |
| KGE | 0.73 | 0.51 | 0.76 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.50 | 0.67 | |
| RMSE | 1103.8 | 1677.7 | 937.1 | 1876.3 | 1962.1 | 1776.9 | 773.0 | |
| MAE | 891.1 | 1484.7 | 700.0 | 1665.9 | 1773.7 | 1585.1 | 629.4 | |