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. 2025 Dec 31;24:534–548. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.07.010

Table 3.

Effects of K2CO3 on complete blood count indexes and serum biochemical parameters of lactating cows.

Items Groups1
 SEM P-value
CON LD MD HD ANOVA Linear Quadratic
Complete blood count indexes
RBC, × 1012/L 5.91 6.17 5.95 6.18 0.085 0.561 0.463 0.763
WBC, × 109/L 8.83ab 10.22a 7.40b 7.51b 0.319 0.002 0.016 0.032
HGB, g/L 94.80 95.50 94.30 96.67 1.108 0.900 0.683 0.863
PLT, × 109/L 371.60 398.30 305.20 351.56 18.925 0.356 0.360 0.643
Neutrophils, × 109/L 4.03ab 4.79a 3.37b 3.11b 0.230 0.040 0.044 0.068
Lymphocytes, × 109/L 2.77 3.18 2.45 2.57 0.113 0.100 0.196 0.347
Monocytes, × 109/L 1.82 1.82 1.36 1.61 0.079 0.108 0.117 0.221
Eosinophils, × 109/L 0.14 0.33 0.16 0.15 0.028 0.052 0.658 0.198
Basophils, × 109/L 0.08 0.10 0.06 0.07 0.005 0.064 0.064 0.177
Serum biochemical parameters
GLU, mmol/L 3.73 3.81 3.88 3.70 0.056 0.671 0.951 0.513
TC, mmol/L 6.60 7.22 6.56 7.48 0.349 0.759 0.540 0.815
TG, mmol/L 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.006 0.870 0.460 0.765
ALT, U/L 21.51 23.24 19.51 20.30 0.775 0.368 0.299 0.565
AST, U/L 74.34 62.66 58.60 58.70 4.417 0.577 0.204 0.364
TP, g/L 71.60 67.89 73.57 71.20 0.823 0.095 0.555 0.782
UN, mmol/L 4.05a 4.39a 3.38b 4.39a 0.144 0.029 0.988 0.539
NEFA, μmol/mL 0.38b 0.38b 0.36b 0.46a 0.014 0.032 0.060 0.022
BHBA, mmol/L 0.86 0.91 0.85 0.89 0.020 0.789 0.894 0.982
IgG, g/L 11.49 11.63 12.06 11.75 0.149 0.612 0.380 0.528
IgA, g/L 1.13 1.11 1.19 1.16 0.016 0.359 0.228 0.490
IgM, g/L 3.04 3.08 3.19 3.18 0.049 0.652 0.229 0.478
TNF-α, ng/L 297.38a 256.06ab 215.93b 266.00ab 10.225 0.031 0.007 0.028

RBC = red blood cell count; WBC = white blood cell count; HGB = hemoglobin; PLT = platelet; GLU = glucose; TC, =total cholesterol; TG = triglycerides; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; TP = total protein; UN = urea nitrogen; NEFA = non-esterified fatty acids; BHBA = beta-hydroxybutyrate; IgG = immunoglobulin G; IgA = immunoglobulin A; IgM = immunoglobulin M; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Superscripts differing across the same row denote significant differences (P < 0.05).

1

CON, the control group (basal diet); LD, the low dose group (basal diet + 250 g/d K2CO3·1.5H2O per head); MD, the medium dose group (basal diet + 500 g/d K2CO3·1.5H2O per head); HD, the high dose group (basal diet + 750 g/d K2CO3·1.5H2O per head).