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. 2025 May 14;8(2):210–218. doi: 10.1016/j.smhs.2025.05.001

Table 2.

Mean (± standard deviation) of visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and Functional Assessment Scale for Acute Hamstring Injuries (FASH) values of the capacitive energy transfer (TECAR), transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) and control (CON) groups before (PRE), immediately after (PS), 24 ​h after (P24) and 48 ​h after (P48) the initial session.

Testing Session Groups
TECAR (n ​= ​24) TENS (n ​= ​26) CON (n ​= ​25)
VAS
PRE 7.88 ​± ​1.23 8.03 ​± ​1.11 8.16 ​± ​1.07
PS 5.04 ​± ​1.00∗# 6.77 ​± ​1.10∗ 7.96 ​± ​0.89
P24 4.75 ​± ​0.99∗# 6.38 ​± ​1.10∗ 7.72 ​± ​0.68
P48 4.21 ​± ​1.59∗# 6.04 ​± ​1.25∗ 7.36 ​± ​0.76
Time effects, p ​< ​0.05 PS, P24, P48 < PRE P48 < PS PS, P24, P48 < PRE P48 < PS
FASH
PRE 23.17 ​± ​9.85 22.31 ​± ​9.32 23.52 ​± ​8.16
PS 30.17 ​± ​9.15 26.50 ​± ​9.14 23.80 ​± ​7.69
P24 33.38 ​± ​8.14∗ 28.15 ​± ​8.93 24.60 ​± ​7.46
P48 35.67 ​± ​7.82∗ 29.58 ​± ​9.26 25.92 ​± ​7.29
Time effects, p ​< ​0.05 PS, P24, P48 > PRE P48 > PS PRE ​> ​PS, P24,P48
P48, P24 > PS

∗Significantly different compared to CON group, p ​< ​0. 05.

#Significantly different compared to TENS group, p ​< ​0. 05.