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Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Characteristic | TBL group (n = 34) |
PBL group (n = 32) |
Total (N = 66) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (range) | 23 (22–26) | 23 (22–26) | 23 (22–26) |
| GPA, mean ± SD | 4.07 ± 0.58 | 4.07 ± 0.58 | 4.07 ± 0.58 |
| Prior TBL exposure (%) | 91.7% | – | – |
| Prior PBL exposure (%) | – | 100% | – |
Age and GPA are reported as mean values with range or standard deviation. Prior exposure percentages reflect self-reported experience with each method.
