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Summative assessment scores: TBL vs. PBL.
| Group | Mean ± SD | Mean difference | t-value | p-value | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TBL | 9.94 ± 2.28 | – | – | – | – |
| PBL | 8.84 ± 2.24 | -1.10 | -1.97 | 0.053 | -0.48 |
Independent-samples t-test comparing summative scores between groups. Cohen’s d indicates a small to moderate effect size.
