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. 2026 Feb 17;46:101294. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2026.101294

Table 2.

Notable CA5A gene variants reported in the literature from multiple ethnicities.

Reference Current (2025) Ref [10] (2025) Ref [6] (2025) Ref [16] (2024) Ref [9] (2024) Ref [8] (2022) Ref [15] (2022) Ref [14] (2022) Ref [13] (2021)
Number of patients 3 1 1 18 1 1 1 1 1
Ethnicity Saudi Guatemalan Indian Omani Indian Russian Unknown (UK) Indian Indian
CA5A Variant (NM_001739.2) Exon 3–7 del c.475 T > C; p.W159R Exon 6 del c.59G>; p.W20* Exon 6 del c.721G > A; p.E241K: c.555G > A; p.K185K Exon 6 del c.59G > A; p.W20* c.123G > A; p.W41*; c.690C > T; p.W230W
Type of variant Gross Deletion Missense Deletion Nonsense Missense, Deletion Synonymous Deletion Non-sense Nonsense, Synonymous
Zygosity Homozygous Homozygous Homozygous Homozygous Compound heterozygous Homozygous Homozygous Homozygous Compound Heterozygous
Pathogenicity Pathogenic L.P Pathogenic Pathogenic Pathogenic L.P Pathogenic Pathogenic Pathogenic, Likely Benign
ACMG Classification PM2, PM3, PP3 PVS1, PS3 PM2, PP3, PP4 PM2, PM3, PP3, PP4 PVS1, PM2, PP4 PS3, PM2. PP3, PP4 PM2, PP3, PP5, PP4 PM2, PM3, PP3, PP4 PVS1, PM2, PP4 PVS1, PM2, PP4; PM2, BP6, BP7
Developmental delay YES NO NO YES NO NO NO YES NO
Hyperammonemia NO YES YES YES, NO (n = 2) YES YES YES YES YES
Hyperlactatemia NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
Metabolic acidosis NO YES YES YES YES YES YES NO YES
Ketosis NO YES YES YES YES YES YES NO YES
HyperCKemia NO YES NR YES NR YES NR NR NR
Hypoglycemia NO YES YES NO NO YES NO YES NO



Reference Ref [5] (2020) Ref [7] (2020) Ref [11] (2020) Ref [12] (2020) Ref [4] (2016) Ref [1] (2014)
Number of patients 2 1 3 1 10 4
Ethnicity Indian, Srilankan Unknown (Germany) Indian Unknown (Turkey) Turki, Indian, Russian, Pakistani, Belgian, Bangali Belgian, Russian, Pakistani
CA5A Variant (NM_001739.2) c.721G > A; p.E241K; Exon 6 del c.721G > A; p.E241K c.721G > A: c.788G > A and c.868C > T: Exon 1 del c.721G > A; p.E241K c.697 T > C; p.S233P: c.721G > A;p.E241K: Exon 6 del: c.555G > A-skipping of exon 4: c.123G > A; p.W41*: c.458_459 + 22del: c.555 + 4_555 + 183del c.697 T > C: c.555G > A-skipping of exon 4: Exon 6 del: c.619_851del
Type of variant Missense, Deletion Missense Deletion Missense Missense, Deletion Missense, Deletion
Zygosity Compound Heterozygous Homozygous Homozygous Homozygous Homozygous Homozygous
Pathogenicity Pathogenic Pathogenic Pathogenic Pathogenic Pathogenic Pathogenic
ACMG Classification PM2, PM3, PS3, PP3, PP4 PM2, PM3, PS3, PP3, PP4 PM2, PM3,PS3, PP3, PP4 PM2, PM3, PS3, PP3, PP4 PM2, PP3,PP5, PP4, PVS1 PM2, PP3, PP5, PP4, PVS1
Developmental delay NO NO NO NO NO NO
Hyperammonemia YES YES YES YES YES YES
Hyperlactatemia YES YES YES YES YES YES
Metabolic acidosis YES YES YES YES YES YES
Ketosis YES NR NO YES YES YES