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. 2026 Feb 9;17:1748950. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1748950

FIGURE 3.

Bar graphs show the effect of combining HMPSNE with different drugs on cellular viability. A) Paclitaxel shows reduced viability with HMPSNE. B) Capecitabine maintains similar viability with HMPSNE. C) Doxorubicin shows significant viability reduction with HMPSNE. Asterisks indicate significance levels.

Effects of HMPSNE (100 µM) on the cytotoxicity of (A) paclitaxel, (B) capecitabine and (C) doxorubicin to MDA-MB-231 cells 48 h after treatment. The data are presented as the means ± SEMs of six independent experiments; *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 indicate significant differences between the indicated groups.