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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Womens Ment Health. 2024 Dec 4;28(4):903–910. doi: 10.1007/s00737-024-01541-2

Table 2.

Associations between maternal diagnosis of a MH disorder and birth complications and congenital anomalies

Maternal Mental Health Diagnosis (Exposure)

Outcome Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
OR 95% Cl p OR 95% Cl p OR 95% Cl p

Birth Complications 1.3 1.1–1.4 < 0.001 1.3 1.2–1.4 < 0.001 1.1 0.9–1.2 0.40
Congenital Anomalies 1.2 1.1–1.3 < 0.001 1.2 1.1–1.3 < 0.001 1.1 1.0–1.2 0.14
Adjustments Maternal age + Model 1 + Model 2 +
Child’S year of birth Family SES # Maternal physical health diagnoses