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. 2026 Feb 10;8:1718466. doi: 10.3389/ftox.2026.1718466

FIGURE 3.

Bar chart comparing the mean fold changes of different treatments: BLNK, H2O, AFM, AFMHDPE, AFS, AFSHDPE, LPS, and LTA. The chart shows values for Null (green), TLR2 (blue), and TLR4 (red). Notably, TLR2 for LTA shows the highest increase, followed by TLR4 for LPS.

Bar plots of the fold changes following submerged exposure of reporter cells to test materials that include AFMHDPE (AFM (106/mL) + HDPE (100 μg/mL)), AFM (106/mL), AFSHDPE [AFS (106/mL) + HDPE (100 μg/mL)], AFS (106/mL) particles, H2O as the negative control, and positive controls [LPS (100 ng/mL) for TLR4 and LTA (100 ng/mL) for TLR2]. The blank control served as the background response without cells. The red stippled line indicates fold change level 2, which was considered the activation threshold. Data from two independent experiments are shown.