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. 2026 Feb 10;8:1660332. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2026.1660332

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© 2026 Li, Qin, Huang, Zhang, Bao and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Six line graphs display different data points with error bars, divided into two rows. The top row (A, B, C) uses blue triangles for the control group, showing variations across conditions labeled as tersorial, sagittal, frontal, and swimming tasks. The bottom row (D, E, F) uses red circles for the swimmer group, reflecting similar conditions. Each panel reveals distinct trends and relationships in ratios, with color-coded backgrounds distinguishing stages. The horizontal axis marks conditions, and the vertical axis presents ratios. — Power ratio(mean ± 1SEM) at theta, alpha, beta spectrum on terrestrial, aquatic tasks. In the theta band, power ratios were comparable between the aquatic and terrestrial conditions (A,D). In the alpha band, control group shows lower power ratios across all cortical regions than the terrestrial task (B) Swimmer group mainly shows lower power ratios during the aquatic task than terrestrial over frontocentral, central, and central-parietal areas (E) In the beta band, control group showed higher power ratios in the aquatic than the terrestrial task across regions (C) Swimmer group power ratios were largely comparable between tasks (F)