Table 2.
Time Course of Ventilation Variables, Blood Gases, ECCO2R Operational Characteristic and Hemodynamics
| Parameters | Pre-ECCO2R N = 16 |
ECCO2R 2 Hours N = 16 |
ECCO2R Day 1 N = 16 |
ECCO2R Day 3 N = 14 |
ECCO2R Day 5 N = 11 |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory mechanics | Ventilation mode N (%) HFNC NIV IMV |
2 (12) 7 (44) 7 (44) |
– |
3 (19) 7 (44) 6 (37) |
7 (50) 6 (43) 1 (7) |
7 (64) 3 (27) 1 (9) |
0.002 0.29 0.01 |
| Tidal volume (ml) | 500 [425–525] | – | 420 [400–550] | 415 [325–550] | – | 0.35 | |
| Respiratory rate (bpm) | 22 [17–28] | – | 18 [15–21] | 16 [14–19] | 17 [16–18] | 0.03 | |
| PEEP (cm H2O) | 6 [5–10] | – | 9 [8–12] | 10 [8–10] | 8 [6–11] | 0.02 | |
| *Plateau pressure (cm H2O) | 22 [20–25] | – | 21 [19–22] | 18 [18–19] | – | 0.71 | |
| *Driving pressure (cm H2O) | 10 [7–12] | – | 13 [9–15] | 9 [8–10] | – | 0.60 | |
| *Compliance (ml/cm H2O) | 51 [39–76] | – | 46 [38–60] | 50 [43–69] | – | 0.60 | |
| Gas exchange | pH | 7.20 [7.16–7.27] | 7.36 [7.33–7.41] | 7.41 [7.38–7.45] | 7.42 [7.40–7.46] | 7.42 [7.40–7.46] | 0.0006 |
| PaCO2 (mm Hg) | 68 [62–95] | 49 [45–56] | 48 [40–58] | 47 [39–54] | 49 [39–52] | 0.0004 | |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 170 [96–247] | 163 [107–262] | 184 [112–255] | 153 [127–221] | 159 [102–189] | 0.81 | |
| Hemodynamics | Heart rate (bpm) | 97 [88–105] | – | 89 [80–95] | 71 [67–85] | 66 [57–93] | 0.01 |
| MAP (mm Hg) | 74 [70–83] | – | 73 [66–89] | 84 [77–90] | 81 [65–87] | 0.09 | |
| Lactate (mg/dl) | 1.2 [0.9–2.2] | 1.5 [1.2–2.2] | 1.2 [1.1–1.8] | 1.2 [0.8–1.6] | 1.2 [1.1–1.6] | 0.95 | |
| Vasoactive support (%) | 8 (50) | – | 9 (56) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.00004 | |
| ECCO2R | Blood flow (L/min) | – | 1.5 [1.2–2.0] | 1.4 [1.3–1.6] | 1.3 [1.2–1.6] | 1.4 [1.3–1.8] | 0.31 |
| Sweep gas (L/min) | – | 4.5 [3.0–7.0] | 5.0 [3.0–8.0] | 3.0 [2.0–3.5] | 4.0 [3.0–6.5] | 0.26 | |
| VCO2 ML (ml/min) | – | 195 [163–228] | 147 [130–168] | 117 [101–149] | 130 [108–156] | – | |
| Drainage (mm Hg) | – | −33 [−24 to −42] | −49 [−40 to −55] | −47 [−40 to −58] | −70 [−55 to −75] | 0.57 | |
| Hemolysis | Platelets (103 mmc) | 265 [218–290] | – | 177 [146–232] | 157 [144–237] | 191 [119–305] | 0.009 |
| D-dimer (mcg/ml) | 2032 [464–2873] | – | 1253 [289–2241] | 1111 [245–1958] | 1718 [851–2801] | 0.20 | |
| Haptoglobin (mg/dl) | 147 [145–149] | – | 205 [113–331] | 249 [86–347] | 312 [130–397] | – | |
| Free Hb (mg/dl) | – | – | 9.8 [6.1–16.0] | 8.2 [6.3–14.0] | 9.0 [3.2–15.0] | – | |
| CO-Hb (%) | 0.9 [0.3–1.6] | – | 1.0 [0.6–1.5] | 0.9 [0.5–1.3] | 0.9 [0.5–1.3] | 0.73 |
*
Only for patients on mechanical ventilation.
CO-Hb, carboxyhemoglobin; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; MAP, mean arterial pressure; ML, membrane lung; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; PCV, pressure control ventilation; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; PSV, pressure support ventilation; VCV, volume control ventilation.