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. 2026 Feb 2;22:124. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-05213-w

Table 1.

Design of experimental challeng trials

Fish size Group # of fish Dose and Application Notes
Adult fish Gp. 1 A 10 0.5 mL (i.p.), S. epidermedis -
Gp. 2 A 10 0.5 ml (IP), Sterile PBS -
Juvenile fish Gp. 1 J 10 0.1 mL (IP), S. epidermedis -
Gp. 2 J 10 0.1 ml (IP), Sterile PBS -
Gp. 3 J 10 (Imm.), water containing S. epidermedis Scale removal
Gp. 4 J 10 (Imm.), water Scale removal
Gp. 5 J 10 (Imm.), water containing S. epidermedis -
Gp. 6 J 10 (Imm.), water -
Fingerlings Gp. 1 F 20 (Imm.), water containing S. epidermedis Scale removal
Gp. 2 F 20 (Imm.), water Scale removal
Gp. 3 F 20 (Imm.), water containing S. epidermedis -
Gp. 4 F 20 (Imm.), water -
Gp. 5 F 20 Absolute control -

A Adult fish, J Juvenile fish, F Fingerlings, IP Intraperitoneal injection, PBS Phosphate Buffer Saline, Imm. prolonged immersion for 1 h, scale removal: Scraping approximately 1.0 cm of the lateral body surface for juvenile fish and about 0.2 cm for fingerlings, absolute control: Fingerlings were kept unexposed to any experimental interference