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. 2026 Feb 11;18:45. doi: 10.1186/s13195-026-01973-1

Table 2.

Association of baseline serum β-synuclein levels with future cognitive decline

MMSE CDR-SB
rs-value p-value N rs-value p-value N
All
 BL −0.450 9.09E-22 409 0.468 1.27E-23 409
 Year 1 −0.472 1.11E-22 383 0.486 4.95E-24 382
 Year 2 −0.517 1.48E-21 295 0.490 1.01E-20 320
 Year 3 −0.393 8.29E-09 200 0.443 1.19E-11 213
 Year 4 −0.502 8.66E-10 132 0.422 3.66E-08 157
 Year 5 −0.447 1.38E-07 127 0.443 4.31E-08 140
 RoC −0.352 2.28E-13 409 0.410 5.37E-18 409
AD
 BL −0.074 4.08E-01 127 0.056 5.30E-01 127
 Year 1 −0.165 7.11E-02 120 0.135 1.42E-01 120
 Year 2 −0.114 2.86E-01 90 0.123 2.32E-01 96
 Year 3 0.522 4.79E-02 15 −0.185 4.23E-01 21
 Year 4 −0.422 2.98E-01 8 −0.046 8.97E-01 11
 Year 5 0.400 7.50E-01 4 −0.030 1.00E + 00 6
 RoC −0.147 9.91E-02 127 0.208 1.88E-02 127
MCI
 BL −0.316 5.76E-05 156 0.195 1.48E-02 156
 Year 1 −0.330 5.82E-05 143 0.256 2.15E-03 142
 Year 2 −0.485 2.02E-07 103 0.292 1.56E-03 115
 Year 3 −0.391 2.01E-04 86 0.415 2.84E-05 95
 Year 4 −0.582 1.35E-06 59 0.406 2.30E-04 78
 Year 5 −0.431 3.02E-04 66 0.470 5.15E-05 68
 RoC −0.360 3.84E-06 156 0.295 1.88E-04 156
CU
 BL 0.031 7.30E-01 126 0.101 2.61E-01 126
 Year 1 −0.102 2.67E-01 120 0.093 3.13E-01 120
 Year 2 −0.138 1.66E-01 102 0.037 7.04E-01 109
 Year 3 −0.028 7.82E-01 99 0.048 6.39E-01 97
 Year 4 −0.120 3.42E-01 65 −0.048 6.96E-01 68
 Year 5 −0.222 9.73E-02 57 0.136 2.77E-01 66
 RoC −0.094 2.93E-01 126 0.070 4.37E-01 126

Correlation analyses were performed using Spearmans rank correlation coefficient (rs). Significant correlations are indicated in bold

AD Alzheimer´s disease, BL Baseline visit, CDR-SB Clinical dementia rating sum-of-boxes, CU Cognitively unimpaired, MCI Mild cognitive impairment, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, RoC Rate-of-change