Table 2.
Longitudinal changes in anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), well-being (World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index), and psychological flexibility among adult gamers in online gaming community intervention for loneliness at baseline, 30-day, and 60-day follow-up (United States, n=403).
| Statistics | Baseline | 30 days | 60 days | ||||
| GAD-7a | |||||||
|
|
Mean (SD) | 11.23 (5.24) | 9.03 (4.99) | 8.25 (4.22) | |||
|
|
Cohen db | —c | 0.43 | 0.60 | |||
|
|
t test (df) between time pointsd | — | 6.3863 (874)e | 1.7260 (593) | |||
| PHQ-9f | |||||||
|
|
Mean (SD) | 13.37 (6.04) | 11.01 (6.15) | 10.27 (5.80) | |||
|
|
Cohen d | — | 0.39 | 0.52 | |||
|
|
t test (df) between time points | — | 5.7492 (874)e | 1.3001 (593) | |||
| WHO-5g | |||||||
|
|
Mean (SD) | 7.86 (3.82) | 8.22 (4.03) | 8.08 (4.44) | |||
|
|
Cohen d | — | –0.092 | –0.24 | |||
|
|
t test (df) between time points | — | –1.3593 (874) | –1.5132 (593) | |||
| Psy-Flexh | |||||||
|
|
Mean (SD) | 11.51 (4.30) | 11.87 (4.41) | 12.55 (4.37) | |||
|
|
Cohen d | — | –0.08 | –0.24 | |||
|
|
t test (df) between time points | — | –1.2327 (874) | –1.6497 (593) | |||
aGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7.
bEffect sizes (Cohen d) compare baseline scores to each follow-up time point.
cNot applicable.
dt tests compare consecutive time points.
eP<.001.
fPHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
gWHO-5: World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index.
hPsy-Flex: Psychological Flexibility Scale.