Table 4.

Comparison of photonic switches

Type	EOM (Bulk RTP) [33]	EOM (TFLN Waveguide) [235]	EOM (Waveguide BTO) [51, 236]	XPM (Fiber) [174]	BSFWM (Fiber) [48]
Insertion Loss	0.03 dB@1550–1590 nm	0.4 dB@730 nm (On chip)	0.2 dB@1550 nm (On chip)	0.8 dB@1550 nm	1.3 dB@1300 nm (internal conversion loss of 0.32 dB)
Rise Time	3 ns	~ 10 ps	~ 20 ps	200 ps*	2.5 ns
Operational Rate	1 MHz	40 GHz	20 GHz	200 MHz	1 MHz
Noise Photon Rate	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible	/pulse	/pulse
Advantages	Low loss	High scalability & Speed	High scalability & Speed	High speed	Multi-mode frequency conversion
Challenges	Low speed	Loss	Loss	Loss, Noise	Loss, Noise, Efficiency

* A 1.7 ps rise time has been demonstrated at 800 nm in [170]