Table 2.

Model quartile decisions across input affiliations, chi-square test for independence P values, effect sizes, and 95% CIs.

Models and affiliation level			Q1a, 50 (25%)		Q2b, 50 (25%)		Q3c, 50 (25%)		Q4d, 50 (25%)		P value			Cramer V (95% CI)
Llama 3.3-70B												.80			0.05083 (0.047-0.127)
	None	37		148		15		0
	High tier	48		139		12		1
	Low tier	41		144		14		1
Mistral-7B												.63			0.04621 (0.027-0.120)
	None	54		101		45		0
	High tier	55		112		33		0
	Low tier	54		109		37		0
Gemma 2-9B												.08 e			0.08408 (0.045-0.153)
	None	0		24		157		19
	High tier	0		27		166		7
	Low tier	0		24		168		8
DeepSeek r1-distill Qwen-14B												.87			0.04516 (0.041-0.123)
	None	3		73		113		11
	High tier	1		83		103		13
	Low tier	3		79		106		12
Qwen 2.5-7B												.05			0.10159 (0.071-0.161)
	None	6		51		143		0
	High tier	2		69		127		2
	Low tier	1		60		139		0

^aQ1: quartile 1.

^bQ2: quartile 2.

^cQ3: quartile 3.

^dQ4: quartile 4.

^eItalicization indicates relatively significant P values.