Skip to main content
. 2026 Feb 10;15(2):195. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics15020195
AMR antimicrobial resistance
BBB blood–brain barrier
CFU/mL colony-forming units per milliliter
CNS central nervous system
DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
femA factor essential for methicillin resistance A gene
femB factor essential for methicillin resistance B gene
femX factor essential for methicillin resistance X gene
Fu Fraction unbound
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
MDR-SA multidrug-resistant S. aureus
MIC minimum inhibitory concentration
NS no significance
OD optical density
PBP2a Penicillin-Binding Protein 2a
PBS phosphate-buffered saline
PG peptidoglycan
CA Calcein AM
PI propidium iodide
SAR structure–activity relationship
SEM scanning electron microscopy
±SEM standard error of the mean
TSA tryptone soy agar
WHO World Health Organization