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. 2026 Feb 4;11(2):113. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics11020113
AASE Airbag axial and surface enhancement
CR Continuum robot
SCC Segmented Constant Curvature
SLS Selective Laser Sintering
SLA Stereolithography
SMA Shape-memory alloys
Dmax The maximum outer envelope diameter of the robot
Dreq The maximum allowable diameter specified by the task scenario
wmin The minimum feature size of the robot
wpoc The minimum achievable size limit of the manufacturing process
θ Bending angle
R Bending radius
L The arc length of the segment when bent
d1 The axial characteristic thickness of the segment related to the “ solid segment”
d2 The axial geometric spacing of the segment related to the “ notch segment”
b The minor axis length of the elliptical notch
l The length of the continuum joint
θ0 Maximum bending angle
R0 Minimum bending radius
F The equivalent load at the joint end
P The input air pressure of the airbag
μ The equivalent friction coefficient between the outer surface of the airbag and the inner wall of the skeleton
b The equivalent width of the contact surface
d1d1+d2 The effective contact ratio of the unit length
x The distance from the centroidal axis of the continuum to the middle plane of the airbag
Pmin The minimum pressure
z The extra airbag length required to be accommodated by the joint
c The manufacturing and assembly error allowance
σmax The maximum equivalent stress at the maximum bending angle of the rigid joint
σ Allowable Safety Strength of Selected Materials