AMPK	Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BiTEs	Bispecific T cell Engagers
BMCP	Bacteria-mediated cancer therapy
BMP	Bone morphogenetic protein
BR	Bacteriorhodopsin
CAR	Chimeric antigen receptor
Cas	CRISPR-associated protein
CCE	Constitutive calcium entry
ChR	Channelrhodopsin
CRAC	Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+
CRISPR	Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeat
CRY	Cryptochrome
CTL	Cytotoxic T lymphocyte
DC	Dendritic cell
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
EMT	Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Erk	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FADD	Fas-associated death domain protein
FGFR	Fibroblast growth factor receptor
FLIC	Far-red light-controlled immunomodulatory engineered cells
GDF	Growth and differentiation factor
GEF	Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
GPC3	Glypican 3
GPX4	Glutathione peroxidase 4
HEK	Human embryonic kidney
HR	Halorhodopsin
HSP70	Heat shock protein 70
LED	Light-emitting diode
LOV	Light–oxygen–voltage
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MHC	Major histocompatibility complex
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
NFAT	Nuclear factor of activated T cells
NIR	Near-infrared
NK	Natural killer
NLGN	Neuroligin
NLS	Nuclear localization signal
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PHY	Phytochrome
PK	Pyruvate kinase
PTD	Photodynamic therapy
RET	Rearranged during transformation
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RTK	Receptor tyrosine kinase
SOS	Son of sevenless
STING	Stimulator of interferon genes
TAM	Tumor-associated macrophage
TGF	Transforming growth factor
TME	Tumor microenvironment
UCNP	Upconversion nanoparticles
VEGFR	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor