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. 2026 Feb 11;14(2):414. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14020414
ACS Autologous conditioned serum
BBB Blood–brain barrier
BMSCs Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
BOR Borneol
Cav2.3 Voltage-gated calcium channel 2.3
CCI-ION Chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve
CFA Complete Freund’s adjuvant
CIBP Cancer-induced bone pain
CIPN Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain
COL10A1 Collagen type X alpha 1
CRPS Complex regional pain syndrome
DMM Destabilization of the medial meniscus
DNP Diabetic neuropathic pain
DRGs Dorsal root ganglions
ESCRT Endosomal sorting complex required for transport
ESEs Early sorting endosomes
Evs Extracellular vesicles
GAGs Glycosaminoglycans
GDNF Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
GMP Good manufacturing practice
HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma
hCS Human conditioned serum
HECTD1 HECT domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1
HUC-MSCs Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
IBD Inflammatory bowel disease
IL1R1 Interleukin 1 receptor type 1
IL-1β Interleukin-1β
ILVs Intraluminal vesicles
JAK2 Janus kinase-2
LIPs Liposomes
LPA Lysophosphatidic acid
LRP1 Lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
LSEs Late sorting endosomes
MNs Microneedles
MOR Mu-opioid receptor
MSC Mesenchymal stem cell
MVBs Multivesicular bodies
MVs Microvesicles
MyD88 Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-B
NLRP3 NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3
NP Neuropathic pain
OA Osteoarthritis
OPRM1 Opioid receptor mu 1
p38 MAPK p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
RA Rheumatoid arthritis
Rsad2 Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing 2
S1P Sphingosine-1-phosphate
SHED Stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth
SNI Spared nerve injury
SNL Spinal nerve ligation
SP1 Specificity protein 1
STAT3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
STN Spinal trigeminal nucleus
TLR2 Toll-like receptor 2
TLR3 Toll-like receptor 3
TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4
TLR8 Toll-like receptor 8
TRAF6 TNF receptor-associated factor 6
VEGFB Vascular endothelial growth factor B
ZIC Ziconotide