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. 2026 Jan 31;14(2):331. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14020331
CVDs Cardiovascular diseases
VSMCs Vascular smooth muscle cells
SASP Senescence-associated secretory phenotype
ALT Alternative lengthening of telomeres
SA-β-Gal Senescence-associated β-galactosidase
SIPS Stress-induced premature senescence
ECs Senescent endothelial cells
H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide
OIS Oncogene-induced senescence
ROS Reactive oxygen species
OXPHOS Oxidative phosphorylation
mTOR Mechanistic target of rapamycin
SCAPs Senescence-associated anti-apoptotic pathways
D+Q Dasatinib and quercetin
HFrEF Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
CAR Chimeric antigen receptor
uPAR Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor
IL-1 Interleukin-1
oxLDL Oxidized low-density lipoprotein
Tregs Regulatory T cells
CAR-Tregs Chimeric antigen receptor regulatory T cells
HDAC Histone deacetylase
DNMT DNA methyltransferase