Aβ	Amyloid beta
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AKT	Protein kinase B
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ATG	Autophagy-related genes
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BCL-2	B-cell lymphoma 2
BCL-xL	B-cell lymphoma–extra large
BCR-ABL	Breakpoint cluster region–Abelson
CAR-T	Chimeric antigen receptor T cell
CCL	Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand
CR	Caloric Restriction
cAMP	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CNS	Central nervous system
CXCL12	Stromal cell-derived factor 1
D	Dasatinib
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DPP-4	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
eIF5A	Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A
EPACs	Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP
EPHA2	EPH receptor A2
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FKBP12	FK506-binding protein 12 kDa
GABA	Gamma-aminobutyric acid
GI	Gastrointestinal
GIP	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
GM-CSF	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
gp130	Glycoprotein 130
GRAS	Generally recognized as safe
HFD	High-fat diet
IBD	Inflammatory bowel disease
IGF-1	Insulin-like growth factor 1
IL	Interleukin
IL-1	Interleukin-1
IL-1α	Interleukin-1 alpha
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-6R	Interleukin-6 receptor
JAK	Janus kinase
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
MAMPs	Microbial-associated molecular patterns
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MMP3	Matrix metalloproteinase 3
mTOR	Mechanistic target of rapamycin
mTORC1	Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
mTORC2	Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NRF2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
OCT	Organic cation transporters
p16	Tumor protein p16
p21	Tumor protein p21
p53	Tumor protein p53
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PKA	Protein kinase A
Q	Quercetin
RAP1	Ras-related protein 1
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SASP	Senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
SFB	Segmented filamentous bacteria
SGLT2	Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2
STACs	Sirtuin activating compounds
SpA	Spondyloarthritis
SRC/SFKs	SRC family kinases
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TFEB	Transcription factor EB
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
TMAO	Trimethylamine-N-oxide
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TOR	Target of rapamycin
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor