α7nAChR	nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing α7 subunits
ACMSD	alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate-epsilon-semialdehyde decarboxylase
AhR	aryl hydrocarbon receptor
AKT	protein kinase B
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
ATPIF1	ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1
BNIP3	BCL2 interacting protein 3
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CD98	cluster of differentiation 98
CLSI	clinical and laboratory standards institute
COMETS	consortium of metabolomics studies
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ETC	electron transport chain
FAIR	findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable
GPR35	G protein-coupled receptor 35
GPX4	glutathione peroxidase 4
HIF-1α	hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha
HILIC	hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
HRMS	high-resolution mass spectrometry
IDO	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
IDO1	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
IDO2	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2
KATs	kynurenine aminotransferases
KMO	kynurenine 3-monooxygenase
KYN	Kynurenine
KYNA	kynurenic acid
KYNU	Kynureninase
LC–MS	liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
LLOQ	lower limit of quantitation
MCART1	mitochondrial carrier transporting NAD+
MDH2	malate dehydrogenase 2
mPTP	mitochondrial permeability transition pore
NAD+	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form)
NADH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form)
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form)
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated b cells
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartate
NMDA-R	N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
NRF1	nuclear respiratory factor 1
NRF2	nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
PD-1	programmed cell death protein 1
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
QC	quality control
QA	quinolinic acid
Rho	ras homolog family protein
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SAR	structure–activity relationship
SDH	succinate dehydrogenase
SOP	standard operating procedure
TCA	tricarboxylic acid
TDO	tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
TMCS	translational metabolic cohort study
TME	tumor microenvironment
Trp	Tryptophan
UHPLC	ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography