| NO | Nitric oxide |
| LED | Light-emitting diode |
| NOS | Nitric oxide synthase |
| UVR | Ultraviolet radiation |
| H2O2 | Hydrogen peroxide |
| RNS | Reactive nitrogen species |
| CPTIO | Carboy PTIO potassium salt |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| RSNOs | S-nitrosothiols |
| Cu | Copper |
| CuCl2 | Copper chloride |
| FBS | Foetal bovine serum |
| PBM | Photobiomodulation |
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