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. 2026 Feb 19;16(2):324. doi: 10.3390/biom16020324
WHO World Health Organization
NMDAR N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
PSD postsynaptic density
GABA γ-Aminobutyric acid
mGluRs metabotropic glutamate receptors
PDZ domains PSD-95/Disks large/Zonula occludens-1 domains
TRS treatment-resistant schizophrenia
PANSS Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale
IP3 inositol trisphosphate (IP3)
DAG diacylglycerol
cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate
AMPARs α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptors
GPCRs G protein-coupled receptors
GTP guanosine 5′-triphosphate
GDP guanosine 5′-diphosphate
VFD Venus Flytrap domain
LTP long-term potentiation
LTD long-term depression
EVH1 enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein homology
MAP mitogen-activated protein
PIP2 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
RyR ryanodine receptor
BAR domain Bin/Amphisin/Rys domain
IP3R inositol triphosphate receptor
PSD-95 postsynaptic density protein 95
COS cells CV-1 in Origin with SV40 cells
GKAP guanilate-kinase associated protein
PLC phospholipase C
PKC protein kinase C
CICR Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release
D2R dopamine D2 receptor
D1R dopamine D1 receptor
PKA protein kinase A
mTORC mammalian target of rapamycin complex
AP5 2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid
NO nitric oxide
PFC prefrontal cortex
5-HT2AR serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor
SNPs single-nucleotide polymorphisms
GRM3 glutamate metabotropic receptor 3 gene
EAAT2 excitatory amino acid transporter 2
MRS magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Glx glutamate + glutamine
PCP phencyclidine
NMRI mice Naval Medical Research Institute mice
IκBα Inhibitor of kappa B alpha
ERK1/2 extracellular signal-regulated kinases ½
Nf-κB Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells
Hdac2 histone deacetylase 2
L-BAIBA L-β-aminoisobutyric acid
CA Cornu Ammonis
BBB blood–brain barrier
TMD heptahelical transmembrane domain
CNS central nervous system
CDPPB 3-Cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide
NAM negative allosteric modulator
PAM positive allosteric modulator
HPG 3-Hydroxyphenylglycine
CHPG (R,S)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine
DFB 3,3-difluorobenzaldazine
MTEP 3-((2-Methyl-4-thiazolyl)ethynyl) pyridine
MPEP 2-methyl-6-phenylethynylpyridine
BINA biphenylindanone A
GWAS genome-wide association studies
PGC psychiatric genomic consortium
tDCS transcranial direct current stimulation
TMS transcranial magnetic stimulation
DCS direct current stimulation