| AAV | adeno-associated virus |
| APCs | antigen-presenting cells |
| BCAAs | branched-chain amino acids |
| CAV3 | caveolin 3 |
| CMC | cardiomyocyte |
| CPT1 | carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 |
| CUPID 1 | Calcium Up-Regulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease (Phase 1/2) |
| CUPID 2 | Calcium Up-Regulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease (Phase 2b) |
| FAO | fatty acid oxidation |
| HF | heart failure |
| HFpEF | heart failure with preserved ejection fraction |
| HFrEF | heart failure with reduced ejection fraction |
| IFM | interfibrillar mitochondria |
| LR | laminin receptor |
| LVNC | left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy |
| MCARD | molecular cardiac surgery with recirculating delivery |
| MHC | major histocompatibility complex |
| mPTP | mitochondrial permeability transition pore |
| nAbs | neutralizing antibodies |
| NOS | nitric oxide synthase |
| PGC-1α | coactivator peroxisome-proliferator γ coactivator 1 α |
| PNM | perinuclear mitochondria |
| PPARα | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) |
| rAAV | recombinant AAV adeno-associated virus |
| SSM | sarcoplasmic submembrane mitochondria |