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. 2026 Jan 27;13(2):148. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering13020148
AAV Adeno-associated virus
Alpha-SMA Alpha-smooth muscle actin
ARG Arginase
BEV Bacterial extracellular vesicle
BMP2 Bone morphogenetic protein 2
CD Cluster of differentiation
COL1A1 Collagen type I alpha 1 chain
COL2A Collagen type II alpha 1 chain
Cx43 Connexin 43
CXCL10 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10
ECM Extracellular matrix
EGF Epidermal growth factor
EPL Poly-e-L-lysine
EV Extracellular vesicle
FEV Fibroblast-derived extracellular vesicle
FGF2 Fibroblast growth factor 2
GelMA Gelatin methacrylate
GAPDH Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c
HIF-1 Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
HIF1AN Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha inhibitor
HUVEC Human umbilical vein endothelial cell
IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta
IL-4 Interleukin-4
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-8 Interleukin-8
IL-10 Interleukin-10
ISEV International Society of Extracellular Vesicles
ITGB1 Integrin subunit beta 1
LIF Leukemia inhibitory factor
LPS Lipopolysaccharide
LRR Leucine-rich repeat
MAP2K2 Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2
MAP3K7 Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7
MISEV Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles
MSC Mesenchymal stromal cell
MRC1 Mannose receptor C-type 1
MMP1 Matrix metallopeptidase 1
MMP3 Matrix metallopeptidase 3
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NLRP3 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
NSAID Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
OHAMA Oxidized methacrylate hyaluronic acid
ONF Oronasal fistula
PCL Polycaprolactone
PDCD6IP/ALIX Programmed cell death 6 interacting protein
PDGF Platelet-derived growth factor
PDLSC Periodontal ligament stem cell
PEG Polyethylene glycol
PI3K Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PITX Paired-like homeodomain
PLA Polylactic acid
Prx1+ Paired-related homeobox-1 positive (fibroblast subtype)
PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog
PYD Pyrin domain
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SASP Senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SMAD6 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6
SOX2 Sex-determining region Y-box 2
SILY Collagen-binding peptide motif
STAT3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TAB2 TGF-β activated kinase 1 binding protein 2
TGF-β1 Transforming growth factor beta 1
TLR3 Toll-like receptor 3
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor alpha
Trem1 Triggering Receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1
tRNA-Met Transfer RNA methionine
TSG101 Tumor susceptibility gene 101
UBE2O Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2O
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
VCL Vinculin
VCAN Versican
VH-EV EVs loaded with VH298
WNT5A Wingless-related integration site 5A
YAP Yes-associated protein