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. 2026 Jan 30;14(2):315. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14020315
CAR Cariprazine
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
ROS Reactive oxygen species
ABCG2 ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2
TNBC Triple-negative breast cancer
ETC Electron transport chain
ΔΨm Mitochondrial membrane potential
ATP Adenosine three phosphate
DMEM Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium
FSB Fetal bovine serum
5-FU 5-fluorouracil
AO/EtBr Acridine orange/ethidium bromide
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
DCFDA Dichloro fluorescein diacetate assay
MFI Mean fluorescence intensity
PASS Predicted Activity Spectrum for Substances
7-AAD 7-Aminoactinomycin D
PI Propidium iodide
UQ Ubiquinone
Ant A Antimycin A
ΔG Gibbs free energy change