| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinases |
| GSH | glutathione |
| NADPH | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| GSSG | glutathione disulfide |
| PGC-1α | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha |
| PCC | Population–Concept–Context |
| GPx | glutathione peroxidase |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| TNF-α | tumour necrosis factor alpha |
| IL-6 | interleukin 6 |
| 4-HNE | 4-hydroxynonenal |
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