| 1H-MRS | proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| ACC | anterior cingulate cortex |
| AF | arcuate fasciculus |
| BOLD | blood oxygen level-dependent |
| DCM | dynamic causal modeling |
| DTI | diffusion tensor imaging |
| DW-MRI | diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging |
| E/I | Excitation–inhibition |
| EAATs | excitatory amino acid transporters |
| EEG | electroencephalography |
| fMRI | functional magnetic resonance imaging |
| fMRS | functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| GABA | γ-aminobutyric acid |
| GABA+ | γ-aminobutyric acid plus co-edited macromolecule signal |
| GAD | glutamic acid decarboxylase |
| GAT | γ-aminobutyric acid transporter |
| Glx | glutamate + glutamine |
| GS | glutamine synthetase |
| GSH | glutathione |
| IFG | inferior frontal gyrus |
| IFOF | inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus |
| MRS | magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| MRSI | magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging |
| MTG | middle temporal gyrus |
| NMDA | N-methyl-D-aspartate |
| PAG | phosphate-activated glutaminase |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| SAT1 | spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 |
| SN1 | system N transporter 1 |
| tDCS | transcranial direct-current stimulation |
| TCA | tricarboxylic acid (cycle) |
| TMS | transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| TOT | tip-of-the-tongue |
| UF | uncinate fasciculus |